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Peru's Nazca Lines Reserve area reduced, potentially exposing the site to mining damage
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Release time：2025-06-06
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According to Peru's Ministry of Culture, the decision is based on research to more accurately identify areas of "true heritage value".
According to Reuters, the Peruvian government recently decided to reduce the protected area surrounding the Nazca Lines from 5,600 square kilometers to 3,200 square kilometers, raising concerns about the potential threat of nearby mining operations to the ancient geoglyphs. The Nazca Lines, a UNESCO World Heritage site, are now more vulnerable due to the significant reduction in their protected status. According to the Peruvian Ministry of Culture, the decision is based on studies to more accurately define the areas of "true heritage value." Located south of Lima, the Nazca Lines consist of over 800 large-scale desert etchings dating back over 1,500 years and are considered one of the country's most important cultural treasures. Data from the Ministry of Energy and Mines shows that 362 small-scale gold miners are operating in the Nazca region under a plan designed to regulate their status. Despite previous actions to combat illegal mining, the threat remains. Peter Van Dalen, president of the Peruvian Association of Archaeologists, expressed his disappointment, questioning the government's reasoning and highlighting the difficulty of controlling such a vast area.
With gold prices near record highs, the REINFO plan, aimed at regulating small-scale mining, has been criticized for being exploited by illegal miners, sometimes in collusion with criminal gangs. The plan expires at the end of this year, and authorities are developing alternatives to address existing loopholes. Illegal mining is a serious problem in Peru, generating an estimated over US\$3 billion (10.84 billion Peruvian soles) annually, exceeding the revenue from drug trafficking, according to government estimates. Jorge Montenegro, Minister of Energy and Mines, acknowledged the presence of small-scale miners in Nazca and stated that the government is evaluating the impact of the reduced protected area on mining activities. Industry data shows that Peru's gold exports reached US\$15.5 billion in 2024, with illegal sources accounting for approximately 40% of the total.
Meanwhile, another Reuters report stated that 13 gold miners were killed by illegal miners last month, leading to a suspension of mining activities, and that formal mining operations in the northern region of Peru have now resumed. Furthermore, Defense Minister Walter Astudillo announced the resumption of mining in the northern Pataz region, highlighting the economic importance of the industry and the local community's support for the decision. The state of emergency in Pataz has been extended, allowing the armed forces to maintain control, and those with valid permits under the REINFO plan can now conduct mining activities.
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