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The United States and Australia Sign Agreement on Rare Earths and Critical Minerals
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Release time：2025-10-24
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This agreement outlines a collaborative approach to ensure a reliable supply chain for rare earths and critical minerals.
The United States and Australia have officially reached an agreement aimed at strengthening the supply of rare earths and critical minerals, addressing concerns over China's dominant position in the market. This agreement establishes a framework for securing stable supplies of key minerals and rare earths, outlining collaborative approaches to ensure reliable access to these essential materials. It underscores the critical role that rare earths and critical minerals play in the production of advanced technologies, which are vital to both countries' commercial and defense sectors. The agreement seeks to leverage existing economic policies and investments to foster diversified and competitive markets for these resources. A key component of this framework is enhanced cooperation to safeguard the supply chains necessary for manufacturing defense technologies and supporting industrial infrastructure.
The United States and Australia will also mobilize government and private-sector support for capital and operational expenditures, including guarantees, loans, and regulatory facilitation measures. They will also identify priority projects aimed at addressing supply-chain gaps and plan to provide at least US$1 billion (A$1.54 billion) in financing for projects in both countries within six months. Additionally, the framework agreement addresses the need to streamline permitting processes for mining and processing operations, ensuring compliance with domestic regulations.
Additionally, this agreement aims to safeguard the domestic market against unfair trade practices and establish a standards-based pricing system. The two countries will collaborate on recycling technologies and manage critical mineral waste to enhance supply chain resilience. A U.S.-Australia Critical Minerals Supply Security Task Force is currently being established to identify priority minerals and assess vulnerabilities within the supply chain. This task force will be co-led by the U.S. Secretary of Energy and the Australian Minister for Resources. While this agreement does not create legally binding obligations, it outlines a framework for cooperation. Participants may terminate their involvement in writing, with notice effective 30 days from the date of receipt.
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